VIP
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide abundant in brain, gut, and lungs, signaling via VPAC1/VPAC2/PAC1 receptors (Gs-coupled). Researched for neuroprotection, IBD, pulmonary hypertension, and autoimmune diseases—↓TNF-α 70%, vasodilation, and immune modulation. Natural hormone; synthetic for stability.
Roles: “Gut-brain axis master”—anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, circadian regulator.
Mechanism
- Anti-Inflammatory: ↓NF-κB, cytokines; ↑IL-10.
- Neuroprotection: cAMP → CREB → BDNF.
- Vasodilation: NO/PGI2 release.
- Gut Motility: SMC relaxation.
- Circadian: SCN clock gene modulation.
PK: IV/nasal/subQ; half-life 2min (native), analogs ~hours.
Research Evidence
| Application | Studies/Effects |
|---|---|
| IBD/UC | Remission 60%, mucosa healing (Phase 2, Gut 2018). |
| Neuro (MS/PD) | ↓Demyelination, neuroinflammation (EAE models). |
| Pulmonary | PVR ↓30% (PAH trials). |
| COVID/ARDS | Cytokine storm ↓ (compassionate). |
| Sleep/Circadian | Jet-lag reset (SCN studies). |
Protocols (Research Contexts)
| Goal | Dose (mcg/day) | Route/Frequency | Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gut (IBD) | 100–500 | Oral/nasal daily | 8–12 weeks |
| Neuroprotection | 50–200 | Nasal BID | Ongoing |
| Pulmonary | 200–1000 | Inhaled/IV | Acute |
| Wellness | 25–50 | Nasal PM | Long-term |
- Analogs: Cyclized VIP (stability).
- Stack: w/ KPV (MC synergy), BPC-157 (gut).
Benefits
- Inflammation Control: Autoimmune, post-viral.
- Gut-Brain: IBS, depression.
- Cardio-Pulmonary: BP, asthma.
- Sleep/Repair: Circadian reset.
- Immunity: Th2 shift.
Side Effects & Safety
| Common | Rare | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Flushing, ↓BP | Tachycardia | Titrate, monitor HR |
| Nausea | None major | Nasal > IV |
- Profile: Safe chronic (asthma trials).
Comparisons
| Peptide | Receptors | Primary Use | Half-Life |
|---|---|---|---|
| VIP | VPAC1/2 | Gut/Neuro | Short |
| PACAP | PAC1 | Migraine | Short |
| KPV | MC1R | Cytokine | Stable |
| Secretin | SCTR | Pancreatic | Short |
Status
- Research/Compassionate: Nasal sprays advancing.
- UK: Clinic trials IBD/neuro.
- Future: Phase 3 pulmonary.
Disclaimer: Research/clinical only.
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